Editor in Chief :

Mahmoud Ashraf Ibrahim ,MD

      Issues per Volume: Quarterly
Current Volume: 1
Current Issue : 1

Volume 1 number 1 Summer 2003
Special issue for the abstracts of the 7th Pan Arab Conference on Diabetes
PACD7 , 25 – 28 March 2003 Cairo

Abstract Number : 86
A Physician’s Look into 
The Eye of Diabetic Patients

Prof. Muhammad Muneer Shahwan, 
PhD (Leeds) MRCP (UK) FRCP (Ed.)
Assiut University Hospital, Egypt

Non-Retinal Ocular Complications

    1. Extra-Ocular Muscles : as a result of mononeuropathies of the 3rd, 4th and/or 6th cranial nerves, usually self-limited.
    2. Peri-orbital and Orbital Structures : may be affected by Xanthelasma and orbital infection, most important although rare is Mycor Mycosis or Phycomycosis ; survival rate only 57%.
    3. Conjunctiva or Lacrymal System : changes in the microcirculation of the bulbar conjunctiva, including microaneurysms, conjunctivitis and dry-eye syndromes.
    4. Cornea : reduction of corneal sensitivity du to polyneuropathy of the trigeminal nerve or thermal injury during pan-retinal photocoagulation leading to neurotropic corneal ulceration. 
    5. Iris : the most serious complication is rubeosis iridis leading to neovascular glaucoma.
    6. Lens : refractive changes leading to distance blurring and better reading !!!. Cataracts may also develop (Snow-flake and fine needle-shaped opacities).
Diabetic Retinopathy 
    1. Background Retinopathy : microaneurysms, scattered exudates and haemorrhages (flame-shaped & dot and blot), cotton wood spots (> 5) and venous dilatation.
    2. Preproliferative Retinopathy : rapid increase in microaneurysm count, IRMAS, multiple heamorrhage, cotton-wool spots, venous beading, looping and duplication.
    3. Proliferative Retinopathy : new vessels (on disc and elsewhere), fibrous proliferation (on disc and elsewhere) and haemorrhage (pre-retinal and vitreous).
    4. Advanced Diabetic Retinopathy : advanced diabetic eye disease, retinal detachment + retinal tears, rubeosis iridis, neovascular glaucoma.
    5. Maculopathy : Macular oedema (focal and diffuse) and ischaemic maculopathy.
  


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